My bad, I was using find_elements_by_xpath instead of find_element_by_xpath

Copy paste error from using another line of code

After working 4 years as manual tester, I now want and have to learn "how to do test automation" after joining a new company.

My new team is currently developing a new web app in Visual Studio using the .NET technology in C#.

My job will be to create automated test cases (functional/UI tests) as soon as the app is ready in about 2 months.

After making some researches and discussing with my team, they mentioned Selenium.

Now I've got some question, which I hope, can be answered here:

A. What should I first focus on as a beginner with no knowledge in automated testing? Should I first learn C#? Or start directly learn Selenium (or other testing tools?)

B. How much experience do I need in C#, to fully use Selenium? Is it enough when I know the basics in C#? Or do I need advanced/expert knowledge in C# for selenium?

C. Today, I had my first talk with a tester from a other team and he mentioned “Tosca”. I googled the difference between Tosca and Selenium. And both are being used very differently. Maybe someone here used both and could give me his opinion on both testing tools? Are both covering the same test cases?

D. Are there any other tools needed for automated testing beside of Selenium or Tosca, which I should look at?

I'm asking, because I want to have goals for the next 1-2 months, in which I know what I have to learn in which order I would really appreciate it if some experienced automated testers could help me having a great start into automated testing.

I am trying to automate a payment using selenium java via a modal. I am able to enter the CC details however when I exit the iframe and try to click the pay button I get the following error message

SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder".
SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
Starting ChromeDriver 89.0.4389.23 (61b08ee2c50024bab004e48d2b1b083cdbdac579-refs/branch-heads/4389@{#294}) on port 11203
Only local connections are allowed.
Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe.
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
Mar 19, 2021 3:35:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession
INFO: Detected dialect: W3C
7
cc details entered
default content
Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"xpath","selector":"//*[@id="chakra-modal--body-630"]/button"}
  (Session info: chrome=89.0.4389.90)
For documentation on this error, please visit: https://www.seleniumhq.org/exceptions/no_such_element.html
Build info: version: '3.141.59', revision: 'e82be7d358', time: '2018-11-14T08:17:03'
System info: host: 'Joseffs-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:cd7:6e5b:a729:ae56%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.16', java.version: '1.8.0_281'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Capabilities {acceptInsecureCerts: false, browserName: chrome, browserVersion: 89.0.4389.90, chrome: {chromedriverVersion: 89.0.4389.23 (61b08ee2c5002..., userDataDir: /var/folders/8h/ply4smss33q...}, goog:chromeOptions: {debuggerAddress: localhost:64606}, javascriptEnabled: true, networkConnectionEnabled: false, pageLoadStrategy: normal, platform: MAC, platformName: MAC, proxy: Proxy(), setWindowRect: true, strictFileInteractability: false, timeouts: {implicit: 0, pageLoad: 300000, script: 30000}, unhandledPromptBehavior: dismiss and notify, webauthn:extension:largeBlob: true, webauthn:virtualAuthenticators: true}
Session ID: ebf1ef088c26a2c2d70561235a14f215
*** Element info: {Using=xpath, value=//*[@id="chakra-modal--body-630"]/button}
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.createException(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:187)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:122)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:49)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:158)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:83)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:552)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:323)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElementByXPath(RemoteWebDriver.java:428)
    at org.openqa.selenium.By$ByXPath.findElement(By.java:353)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:315)
    at GsMarket.Market.main(Market.java:67)

My code is

Map<String, Object> prefs = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    prefs.put("profile.default_content_setting_values.notifications", 2);
    ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
    options.setExperimentalOption("prefs", prefs);
    WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
    ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
    driver.manage().window().maximize();
    driver.get(baseURL);
    driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Log in')]")).click();
    driver.findElementById("user_login").sendKeys(userName);
    driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='password']")).sendKeys(password);
    
    // submit
    driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button[type='submit']")).click();

    // Shop Now Button
    driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[contains(text(),'Shop Now')]")).click();


    driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[contains(text(),'2,000')]")).click();
    int size = driver.findElements(By.tagName("iframe")).size();
    System.out.println(size);

//      // enter CC details
    driver.switchTo().frame(4);
    

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name='cardnumber']")).sendKeys(CCNUM);
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name='exp-date']")).sendKeys(expiry);
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name='cvc']")).sendKeys(cvc);
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name='postal']")).sendKeys(zip);
    System.out.println("cc details entered");
    driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
    System.out.println("default content");
    driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    // Click purchase button
    driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"chakra-modal--body-630\"]/button")).sendKeys(Keys.RETURN);;

    Thread.sleep(2000);
    driver.close();

I am not able to select "Event" in following code using text().

<a class="atg-p-8" href="https://www.abc.com">
            <span class="atg-mr-12">... </span>
              " Event
               "
</a>

This is the Xpath that I'm using:- ( .//a/span[text() ='Event'] )

    List<WebElement> a = driver.findElements(By.id("#checkbox"));
    a.get(new Random().nextInt(a.size())).click();

use findElements to get all checkbox and then use Random to generate a random index and click on that webelement in the list

I am trying to click the search bar either on the sidebar

<im-sidebar class="hydrated">

or top menu

<nav_class = "top-menu">

.
This is the code

So I tried: cy.get('.moduleSearchbar').click() But Cypress does not find it.

I also used the Cypress recorder, but using this plugin, it records the same code cy.get('.dx-viewport > app-root > .ng-star-inserted > .hydrated').click() several times, regardless of where I click. It seems the sidebar and top menu are hiding the buttons and Cypress just see the same element all over the page. I really appreciate any suggestion.

I have a scenario where I need to add new username everytime is run the script. For instance, if the last time I had added a name as test1, then next time when I add another name I should not add test1 since it is already added instead I should add test2.

Incrementing the text is fine I have used the below script

String user_id = AppXPathsConstants.user_id;
num++;

But my question is how to find that test1 already exists then add test 2 then after adding test2 I need to add test3 since test2 already exists.

I've been working on a company project involving Seleniumand I keep getting NoSuchElementException despite putting xpath, cssSelector and linkText. Below is my program.

NewCard.java

public class NewCard {
public static void createTopUpRequestNewCard(WebDriver driver) {
    WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 30);
    WebElement utilityTopUp = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//div[@id='wrapper']/div/ul/li[9]/a")));
    utilityTopUp.click();
    WebElement createTopUpNewCard = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//div[@id='wrapper']/div/div/ul/li[2]/a")));
    createTopUpNewCard.click();
}
} 

Error StackTrace

org.openqa.selenium.TimeoutException: Expected condition failed: waiting for visibility of element located by By.xpath: //div[@id='wrapper']/div/ul/li[9]/a (tried for 30 second(s) with 500 milliseconds interval)

    at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait.timeoutException(WebDriverWait.java:95)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.FluentWait.until(FluentWait.java:272)
    at AbtMainTestControl.AutomationTesting.newcard.NewCard.createTopUpRequestNewCard(NewCard.java:41)
    at AbtMainTestControl.AutomationTesting.test.AutoTest.createTopUpRequest(AutoTest.java:54)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:134)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeMethod(TestInvoker.java:597)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeTestMethod(TestInvoker.java:173)
    at org.testng.internal.MethodRunner.runInSequence(MethodRunner.java:46)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker$MethodInvocationAgent.invoke(TestInvoker.java:816)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeTestMethods(TestInvoker.java:146)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:146)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:128)
    at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1257)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:766)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:587)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:384)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:378)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:337)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:286)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:53)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:96)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1187)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1109)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1039)
    at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1007)
    at com.intellij.rt.testng.IDEARemoteTestNG.run(IDEARemoteTestNG.java:66)
    at com.intellij.rt.testng.RemoteTestNGStarter.main(RemoteTestNGStarter.java:109)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.CommandLineWrapper.main(CommandLineWrapper.java:63)
Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"xpath","selector":"//div[@id='wrapper']/div/ul/li[9]/a"}
  (Session info: chrome=87.0.4280.141)
For documentation on this error, please visit: https://www.seleniumhq.org/exceptions/no_such_element.html
Build info: version: '3.141.59', revision: 'e82be7d358', time: '2018-11-14T08:17:03'
System info: host: 'EZL-OA-JACQUELI', ip: '192.168.130.18', os.name: 'Windows 7', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '6.1', java.version: '1.8.0_241'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Capabilities {acceptInsecureCerts: false, browserName: chrome, browserVersion: 87.0.4280.141, chrome: {chromedriverVersion: 87.0.4280.88 (89e2380a3e36c..., userDataDir: C:\Users\lukegoh\AppData\Lo...}, goog:chromeOptions: {debuggerAddress: localhost:58598}, javascriptEnabled: true, networkConnectionEnabled: false, pageLoadStrategy: normal, platform: WINDOWS, platformName: WINDOWS, proxy: Proxy(), setWindowRect: true, strictFileInteractability: false, timeouts: {implicit: 0, pageLoad: 300000, script: 30000}, unhandledPromptBehavior: dismiss and notify, webauthn:virtualAuthenticators: true}
Session ID: 78c5d3b2ff7e0a99e3da6b4bba18815b
*** Element info: {Using=xpath, value=//div[@id='wrapper']/div/ul/li[9]/a}
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.createException(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:187)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:122)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:49)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:158)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:83)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:552)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:323)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElementByXPath(RemoteWebDriver.java:428)
    at org.openqa.selenium.By$ByXPath.findElement(By.java:353)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:315)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions$7.apply(ExpectedConditions.java:205)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions$7.apply(ExpectedConditions.java:201)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.FluentWait.until(FluentWait.java:249)
    ... 34 more

HTML Code

Utility Top Up

<a href="#" class="menu__link"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user fa-w-14 menu__icon" focusable="false" data-prefix="fa" data-icon="user" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M224 256c70.7 0 128-57.3 128-128S294.7 0 224 0 96 57.3 96 128s57.3 128 128 128zm89.6 32h-16.7c-22.2 10.2-46.9 16-72.9 16s-50.6-5.8-72.9-16h-16.7C60.2 288 0 348.2 0 422.4V464c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48v-41.6c0-74.2-60.2-134.4-134.4-134.4z"></path></svg><!-- <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-user menu__icon"></i> --> Utility Top Up <svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chevron-right fa-w-10 menu__arrow-icon" focusable="false" data-prefix="fa" data-icon="chevron-right" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"></path></svg><!-- <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-chevron-right menu__arrow-icon"></i> --></a>

Screenshot of Utility Top Up locators

Create Top Up New Card

<a href="#" class="context-menu__link"> create top up request (new card) </a>

Screenshot of Create Top Up New Card locators

The screenshots above are the locators of the 2 elements I'm interacting respectively. I used Selenium IDE to record my program. Nevertheless, despite trying all these locators, I keep getting the NoSuchElementException. May I know how to solve these recurring issues?

Aliases in Cypress are removed between tests, that's why your response alias is not preserved. A discussion around this topic could be found e.g. here.

What works is this code:

const { expect } = require("chai")
describe('When requesting the resource', () => {
let response;

before(() => {
    cy.request('http://startpage.com/').then(res => response = res);
});

it('The status code should be 200', () => {        
    expect(response.status).to.equal(200);
});

it('The content type should be text/html', () => {
    expect(response.headers['content-type']).to.include('text/html');
});

it('The content should be encoded using UTF-8', () => {
    expect(response.headers['content-type']).to.include('charset=utf-8');
});

});

<p>you can see that <code>cy.request()</code> was run only once:</p>
<p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/XJOte.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/XJOte.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p>
<p>On the other hand, I don't consider this a nice solution, because it works only because you know that <code>before()</code> runs before all the tests, that's why you can rely on <code>response</code> having a value. But if you ever want to do something like this:</p>
<pre class="lang-javascript prettyprint-override"><code>before(() => {
    cy.request('http://startpage.com/').then(res => response = res);
    console.log(response); // or any other usage of response variable
});

it will not work because you're mixing asynchronous and synchronous code, so by the time console.log(response) executes, response is still undefined.

So if there's a better solution, please post it and I'll delete my answer.

The way I see it is that integration tests are actually about integrating real stuff, not mocking.

It makes sense to mock other components in your unit tests, because you are focused on your component you're implementing, so you want to filter out yet another complexity in the form of those other components, or those other components might not be implemented yet.

Therefore, I'd go for this approach:

• unit tests with mocks
• integration tests without mocks