N
The problem with /data has now been fixed.
I had forgotten that in the past, I was trying the OrangeFox dual-boot recovery on this device, and it had repartitioned /data.
I fixed this by flashing the appropriate *.img files again for my OS (OOS 10.3.8), and then by booting into the standard OrangeFox recovery (the non-dual-boot version) via fastboot, and then by using its adb sideload facility to flash that same OrangeFox recovery. OrangeFox's adb sideload mechanism offers options to the user for repartitioning and rebuilding /data. I utilized those options and set /data back to "Stock", and after that, /data became accessible again, and I could format it and access it in recovery with no problem.
At this point, I flashed OOS 10.3.8, and I then flashed the appropriate TWRP and Magisk. Now, my device is back up and running in that OOS version.
The EDL problem continues, but given that my device is now usable again, I am not overly concerned about this MsmDownloadTool issue at the moment. In my spare time, I'll continue to look into that.
All's well that ends well! ... and now it's indeed a happy New Year for me!