Battle operations are designed to deal with battles. There's no match between decimal numbers and bat masks. There's a match between the 16-digits and the bat mask.You just need to split the number by degree 10 or take the balance of the level 10 to get a part of the number.For example, to get 2300 Number 112 300 You need to write an expression.112300 % 10000 With regard to operators moving the mainframe and duct, in fact, they either target the number by 2 or multiplied the number by 2.For example, if you have a number 3which can be seen in two ways 0011after the operator has been used >> You'll get it. 0001I mean, 1. True 3 / 2 equals 1 in counted ears. If you're using the operator ROP, it's smart, that's when you move to the left, you' the number. 0110which corresponds to 6.In the case of bat masks, it is very easy to write a function that provides a mask for the allocation of some continuous section of the bats.For example#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> unsigned int get_mask( unsigned int pos, unsigned int n ) { return ~( ~0 << n ) << pos; } int main() { unsigned int x = 0xAB; unsigned int mask = get_mask( 0, 4 ); std::cout &lt;&lt; std::hex &lt;&lt; ( x &amp; mask ) &lt;&lt; std::endl; mask = get_mask( 4, 4 ); std::cout &lt;&lt; std::hex &lt;&lt; ( x &amp; mask ) &lt;&lt; std::endl; return 0; } programme withdrawalb a0 That is, in the first case of the mask, 4 bats were allocated. The other battles of the number fell. In the second case, the following four bats were allocated and the other bats dropped.Or a more pronounced program.#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> unsigned int get_mask( unsigned int pos, unsigned int n ) { return ~( ~0 << n ) << pos; } int main() { unsigned int x = 0x12345678; for ( size_t i = 0; i &lt; 2 * sizeof( unsigned int ); i++ ) { unsigned int mask = get_mask( 4 * i, 4 ); std::cout &lt;&lt; std::hex &lt;&lt; ( x &amp; mask ) &lt;&lt; std::endl; } return 0; } Her withdrawal to the console8 70 600 5000 40000 300000 2000000 10000000

On your specific question-- $ - it's a predetermined mark indicating the current address. So... jmp $ It's just an endless cycle: You have a transition to a point defined by a shift from the current address. Frankly, I'm surprised to see it in the assembler box. Normally, in the assembler, it's not that often.As assembler boxes are not standardized in general, each compiler can use his assembler, so it's better to read the documentation + the textbook of the assemble used by the compiler.But the counter question is what? What exactly do you want to do to use an assembler?In short, optimizing assembler boxes is the code generated by modern compilators with their optimizers, you're unlikely to be able to worsen it. Some kind of tricky interaction with the system, hardly at the level of iron? For applications, it made sense unless it was DOS. Of course, there are specific areas where the assembler is a working tool, but the question is not the case. ♪ ♪

The compiler gives the warning that "Module is pass depending"And then something like "compatibility pass was done"? It's a warning that there are two passages for the right assembly. But there's only one default, so he's warning you that he has to do the second round. Leading the key to the command line /M2Is there any way to determine whether a procedure is used in the code or not? No. Actually, it's not the best practice to connect procedures with directives. INCLUDE♪ Separate compilation and sampling line are more effective.And how do you check - which assembler is used: TASM, MASM or FASM?In NASM, __NASM_VER__♪ __NASM_VERSION_ID__ etc. MASM, EMOI, macro @Version♪ Maybe there's something else that needs to be copied. But it's a flexing case, writing a few assemblers. ♪ ♪

BYTE x[...]; BYTE * ecx; ecx = x; // или ecx = &x[0] что то же самое // mov ecx, XXXXXXXX do { (*ecx) ^= 0x0E; // XOR BYTE PTR SS:[ECX],0E ecx++; // inc ecx } while(ecx!=XXXXXXX); // CMP ECX,XXXXXXXX, jnz In fact, it's just a passage through the mass (or structure of symbols) and application to each XOR 0x0E element.

jmp m - transition (jump - jump) to specified markclr A - possible cleansing (clear) of the registry A (not found such an instruction for i808080)mov A,D - (move - move) copy the value from the register. D Register Aadi B1 - (may add immediate) increase the battery (registration) A) by number (direct value) B1Summary guide on processor i8080 and similar processors of the K580 series: https://web.archive.org/web/20121127002141/http://www.computer-museum.ru/technlgy/i8080.php

The same applies to Sparc under CASA and CASXA. You can see, for example, FreeBSD: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/sys/sparc64/include/cpufunc.h?revision=326262&view=markup : see. casa♪ casxaand them. https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/sys/sparc64/include/atomic.h?revision=327053&view=markup atomic_cas_32♪ atomic_cas_64♪

Because I forgot to write at the beginning of the code.mov ax,@data mov ds,ax

; не bx, так как используется 32-битная архитектура: mov ebx, offset mas ; 4 - потому что индекс третьего элемента - 2, ; а размер элемента - 2 байта. ; Это не C, где добавление индекса увеличивает адрес ; на индекс*размер, здесь всё надо считать вручную: mov ax, [ebx+4]

First mistake:mov bx, di mov ax, [di+2] push bx push ax What you keep in bx? You don't have to. di♪ [di]♪ ♪ ♪

The first thing that goes into the the eye without a detailed sweep and a cooler: you're growing up in the cycle. SI per unit, required for structure size:INC SI ; неправильно! ADD SI, TYPE STUDENT ; правильно Maybe there's some other glucs, but this one, in any case, needs to be fixed first, because of it, you're just wiping up the data already in place on every cycle.The same is true of the conclusion, and it is necessary to push back. TYPE STUDENT♪And for Isidore Sevilsky, don't write anything into one sheet, format your originals!As for other mistakes. It's clear underneath the sweet that this condition doesn't work, so it's a waste:MOV AX,0 ; попробуйте прокрутить эти операции CMP AX,SI ; в голове и представить что с чем сравнивается JLE PRINT ; и при каких условиях будет переход Right:CMP SI, 0 JG PRINT Well, forget the transfer of the line between the withdrawal of the records, that's why it's all messed up in a pile, plus the trash wipes out the data already out. Total:LOOP @LOOP4 CALL NEWLINE CMP SI, 0 JG PRINT The last thing is, it is not to be hoped that the Completion Code (AL) will be displayed in any side operations that are not directly related to the clear indication of the programme &apos; s performance:MOV AH,4CH INT 21H No, not the last: Since it's not. .TINY - Where are the glasses?

For starters, you'll learn how. http://www.codenet.ru/progr/dos/dos_0018.php ♪ Incorporate all members of the structure, describing them first correctly (i.e. the first byte, specify the maximum length of the field, and remember that the second byte field will record the real length of the entry).Use it for withdrawal http://www.codenet.ru/progr/dos/dos_0067.php ♪ As a buffer, give her a field+2 address, as a length, a second white field. And after each field has been removed, you'll have to remove the CR/LF, no matter how.That's how it's going to be..model tiny .code org 100h start: mov dx, offset student.s_name call input mov dx, offset student.s_spec call input mov cl, [student.s_name+1] lea dx, student.s_name+2 call print mov cl, [student.s_spec+1] lea dx, student.s_spec+2 print: xor ch, ch mov bx, 1 mov ah, 40h int 21h crlf: mov dx, offset cr_lf mov ah, 09h int 21h ret input: mov ah, 0Ah int 21h jmp short crlf students struc s_name db 10, 0, 20 dup(?) s_spec db 10, 0, 20 dup(?) students ends student students <> cr_lf db 0Dh, 0Ah, '$' end start end

grep 92 usr/include/asm-generic/errno.h... #define ENOPROTOOPT 92 /* Protocol not available */ ... The cartoon is off.

char array[30000];

Cool! Yeah, for every process, the glass is mine. In 386+, other areas of memory are simply not visible (re of addresses, virtual 8086) Watching the end of the process. When the registers are switched, the registers are retained. The smallest question (through SMP for multi-nuclear processors). Different. Read the books.

Assemble:nasm -f elf64 -l Listing_filename.lst Source_filename.asm Collect:If the entry mark is... _start:ld -o Output_filename Source_filename.o If the entry mark main:gcc -o Output_filename Source_filename.o

There is suspicion that the result depends on the contents of the DX register. In the first passage, the sweet entices it, and that's what it takes after Reload. And Divide by zero may arise if the private is not placed in AX. In any case, the apparent DX force before the split (see AX:DX) is a two-by-side denominator, and it is clear to initiate the whole pair of software. obliged() That kind of mistake is eliminated. And why is it that diagnostic that doesn't know how long it's been since these tasmas/masmas were in their hands? Anyway, something like "Arithmetic overflow" in TASM is a mistake of broadcasting, not a time of execution.

Got a little shorter.power: mov %eax, %ebx for: dec %edx test %edx, %edx jz return imul %ebx, %eax jmp for return: ret

I was studying. http://www.ozon.ru/context/detail/id/4579142/ I liked it. I read it. http://www.ozon.ru/context/detail/id/5813688/ Pretty good. I love it. http://bitfry.narod.ru/ ♪ It's not really a book. Well, WASM is ours. So... http://wasm.ru/page.php?page=neophyte for starters, imho must read.

Anything you can't write on the assembler can only sleep.Assembler is almost the oldest programming language. It was just a machine code software before. Let's assume that if you're gonna write some serious program on ASM, I think you're gonna drop this case at the beginning. It's not the best thing to write a low-level program now, any micro-control software has been written on C for a long time.I remember earlier when high-level languages appeared, the people were still putting in pieces of assembler code, and you're sitting there and you think that overpopulation of the critical areas of the code could bring PROFIT or not.Now writing something serious and big on the assembler is just a little unsuitable over time and a waste of resources, because all this can be written faster and more floating.Let's assume that the question of what to write for commercial purposes on an assembler is no longer relevant, but for educational purposes, write and study.Because you write a few programmes in a low-level language, you'll find out a lot new.Even if you write a high-level programme, the knowledge of the assembler will help to understand how the programme will be implemented, how variables are stored, how the functions are generated. And that would avoid many very unpleasant mistakes. There are people who know programming only at the language level. I mean, they know what to write to get some results. And as it works, it's a secret, covered by the darkness. The man who owns the assembler will be better programmed in other languages.An assembler's knowledge allows any dysssembler program to be scattered and the machinery for her work! Imagine if you can get inside any program and see how it works. Sometimes it gets interesting and doesn't know what's inside, as it says. Knowing assembler, you can look inside any program and satisfy your curiosity, not even with the originals.Assembler can really help with the rest. Sometimes mistakes happen in compilers, a very evil subject. It seems that the correct code is not as intended. To find a mistake like this, we need to see what the code has been compromised, and it's impossible to deal with it without the assembler.According to the books, you can take whatever you like and read, there's no restriction, there's a list of registry devices, functions, etc. in almost all the books. I've been texting FASM at the training course, which is quite a convenient compilator.P.S AX BX CX DX - I like to mov it mov it

I used to read the book A. Large. Assembler. Master. 2005. It's very easily written and it explains everything. It says how to set and use MASM itself, different structures, debagers, etc. Of course, it's very brief, it's not much, but it's the beginning.I've seen Irvin's book. Intel's processor language. I really liked it. I think we should read it.